# 
# The Naval Technology Group
#
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technology = {
	id = 6
	category = naval
	name = TECH_NAVAL_NAME #Localized name
	desc = TECH_NAVAL_DESC #Localized description
	
	level = { # Great War Ships
		id = 6000
		name = "Basic Naval Armaments"
		desc = "These are the basic industries that are needed by a country before the buildup of naval forces.  This includes the construction on infrastructure and ship design capabilities."
		
		cost = 4
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90
		
		application = { # 
			id = 6013
			name = "Commercial Shipbuilding"
			desc = "The construction of merchant vessels is more simple than the construction of naval vessels.  This is due to the large spaces within the vessel and a more simplified layout. Because of the reduced crew complement, the superstructure is also simplified compared to a warship."
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40

			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Shipbuilding
			id = 6014
			name = "Naval Shipbuilding"
			desc = "The construction of naval vessels takes very specialized equipment.  The slipways needed to build the hulls of large naval vessels have to be able to support the additional weight of armor.   The redundant engineering systems also add weight to the hull.  There have to be facilities for the installation and testing of the combat systems."
			
			required = { 6013 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Naval Guns
			id = 6015
			name = "Small Naval Rifles"
			desc = "The construction of small bore, rapid fire naval rifles is necessary for the construction of any warship.  These guns serve as the main battery for small warships and as the secondary or tertiary batteries, of large warships."
			
			required = { }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Medium Naval Guns
			id = 6016
			name = "Medium Naval Guns"
			desc = "The construction of medium bore, rapid firing naval rifles requires different skills than are used for manufacturing smaller weapons.  These weapons typically have a separate shell and cartridge to keep the total weight down.  The shell is still light enough to be loaded by a single person.  These weapons serve as the main battery for cruisers and also as secondary battery weapons on battleships."
			
			required = { 6015 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Heavy Naval Guns
			id = 6017
			name = "Heavy Naval Guns"
			desc = "The construction of large bore, heavy naval rifles make the construction of battleships truly possible.  These large naval rifles fire two or three shells per minute and are loaded with machinery within the turret.  The shell is loaded separately from the powder which is contained in several bags.  The bags of powder are loaded after the shell is in place.  These guns serve as the main battery for battleships, battlecruisers, and armored cruisers."
			
			required = { 6016 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20

			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Armor
			id = 6018
			name = "Light Armor"
			desc = "This is light armor that is the main belt armor for cruisers and other small warships.  This armor is also used as the superstructure armor on heavy warships like battleships.  The armor is homogenous meaning that the armor properties are uniform through the thickness of the armor.  This armor is also known as 'Class B' armor."
			
			required = { }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Heavy Armor
			id = 6019
			name = "Heavy Armor"
			desc = "This is heavy armor that is used as the main belt armor of battleships and battlecruisers.  The armor is face hardened through use of metals other than steel and processes.  This gives the armor the ability to break up enemy shells on the face of the armor, but still retain enough flexibility to not shatter.  A softer backing material provides the flexibility.  Historically, this was the Harvey and Krupps face hardening processes.  This armor is also known as 'Class A' armor."
			
			required = { 6018 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Logistics
			id = 6020
			name = "Naval Logistics"
			desc = "This is the infrastructure needed to procure supplies for supporting naval operations outside of coastal waters.  Logistical support is provided by a central orginizaton which ensures commonality throughout the fleet."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }	
			}
		}
		application = { # Shoreside Infrastructure
			id = 6021
			name = "Shoreside Infrastructure"
			desc = "This is the infrastructure required to maintain the fleet in operational status.  This includes long range communications, naval strategy boards, naval training schools and other support activities.  Bases have to be established to provide locations to repair and replenish ships."
			
			required = { 6020 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }					
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Supply Vessels
			id = 6022
			name = "Naval Supply Vessels"
			desc = "These vessels are necessary to get supplies from naval bases to the vessels that require them.  These supplies include everything from food to spare parts and replacement personnel.  These are typically merchant vessels that have been aquired for use by the navy."
			
			required = { 6020 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }			
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Ammunition Supply Vessel
			id = 6023
			name = "Naval Ammunition Supply Vessel"
			desc = "These vessels are necessary for replenishing the ammunition of warships following battle or target practice while away from base.  This transfer of ammunition typically happens while the ship is tied up to a pier. Following the development of underway replenishment doctrines, these transfers can occur while the ships are at sea."
			
			required = { 6022 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }			
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Refueling Vessel
			id = 6024
			name = "Naval Refueling Vessel"
			desc = "These vessels are necessary for replenishing the fuel used by vessels while they are underway.  This fuel is typically trasfered while the vessel is tied to a pier.  Following the development of underway replenishment doctrines, the transfer of fuel can occur while the ships are at sea."
			
			required = { 6022 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }		
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Architecture
			id = 6025
			name = "Naval Architecture"
			desc = "The design of naval and merchant vessels is a technical process.  The design has to have a balance between the amount of weight used for weapons, armor, and propulsion.  The ability of countries to make their own designs with outside help requires the training of skilled personnel.  These personnel are trained to make the detailed plans that are required for building complex designs."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }		
			}
		}
		application = { # Transport Design
			id = 6026
			name = "Transport Design"
			desc = "Transport designs are fairly generic.  Transports are designed to maximize the internal volume for carrying cargo.  Merchant ships are also designed to be easily run by a small crew.  They typically have one, large engine room with the boilers and associated control equipment in a single space."
			
			required = { 6013 6025 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = transports }
			}
		}
		application = { # Destroyer Design
			id = 6027
			name = "Destroyer Design"
			desc = "The design of destroyers has evolved from turn of the century torpedo boats.  As the torpedo boats became larger, the torpedo boat destroyer became large enough to operate with the fleet.  The destroyer eventually replaced the torpedo boat all together."
			
			required = { 6014 6025 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Cruiser Design
			id = 6028
			name = "Cruiser Design"
			desc = "Cruisers are the workhorses of any fleet.  In times of peace, cruisers are useful for protecting national interests by 'showing the flag' in foreign ports.  In times of war, cruisers are useful in scouting and escort duties.  Cruisers have evolved from having smaller weapons spread in individual mounts around the vessel to having their guns concentrated into turrets."
			
			required = { 6014 6025 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Battleship Design
			id = 6029
			name = "Battleship Design"
			desc = "Battleships are designed to fight any vessel, anywhere.  Battleships have heavy armor and guns designed to sink enemy vessels at long range.  In addition to their heavy main battery guns, they also have numerous smaller weapons as a secondary anti-ship and anti-aircraft battery.  They are also useful in supporting amphibious operations by firing at targets on shore."
			
			required = { 6014 6025 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Marine Engineering
			id = 6030
			name = "Basic Marine Engineering"
			desc = "Marine engineering is the study of how to get ships to move through the water.  The main concept is how to generate steam and use it to turn the propeller.  This is done many ways, but the two main ways are through pistons or turbines.  Basic engineering is also used to design basic weapons systems."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Steam Plant
			id = 6031
			name = "Basic Steam Plant"
			desc = "A basic steam plant generates low pressure steam (50-100 psi) for use in providing power and propulsion for the vessel.  The steam is generated in a boiler and then run through a piston or turbine.  The steam is then run through a condenser and condensed back into water.  The condensed water is pumped back into the boiler to start the process again."
			
			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Reciprocating Engine
			id = 6032
			name = "Reciprocating Engine"
			desc = "This is the first type of engine development and the most simple.  Steam from the boiler is injected into a series of cylinders where expansion of the steam pushes the pistons.  The pistons are connected to a rod which is attached to the propeller shaft.  Most engines of this type have three cylinders per propeller shaft.  These plants are efficient in fuel use, but are difficult to maintain because of the wear and tear from stopping the pistons and rods at the end of each stroke."
			
			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Steam Turbine
			id = 6033
			name = "Basic Steam Turbine Engine"
			desc = "Steam from the boiler is injected into the turbine where it hits blades which are attached to a central hub.  The force of the steam hitting the blades causes the hub to turn.  The hub is attached directly to the propeller shaft.  This allows high speeds in a small engine.  Steam trubines aren't as efficient in fuel use because of the need to keep rotation speed small to avoid propeller cavitation."
			
			required = { 6032 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Diesel Engines
			id = 6034
			name = "Large Diesel Engines"
			desc = "The production of large marine diesel engines is useful because of their efficiency in the use of fuel.  A marine diesel engine runs on lower grades of diesel fuel than are needed by road vehicles because of the larger size of the pistons.  It takes a lot of development work to be able to build a diesel engine that has enough power to efficiently propel a vessel of any size."
			
			required = { 6033 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Surface Torpedo
			id = 6035
			name = "Basic Surface Torpedo"
			desc = "This is the initial development for surface torpedoes.  Torpedoes are warheads that are drivien to their target with a moter.  They strike the target below the waterline allowing water to flood the target and sink her.  Experimentation is necessary to get the torpedo to run straight and at the correct depth.  These torpedoes are a relatively short ranged weapon with a small warhead.  Historically, this was the British Whitehead torpedo."
			
			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Fire Control
			id = 6036
			name = "Basic Fire Control"
			desc = "Fire control is necessary to ensure that the weapons hit the target.  Basic technology is needed to start the process of moving the targeting of weapons from the individual gun pointer to more centralized locations."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Turret Optics
			id = 6037
			name = "Basic Turret Optics"
			desc = "These are basic optics that improve the ability to hit the target in conditions other than perfectly clear visibity.  These optics provide minimal amounts of magnification and light amplification."
			
			required = { 6036 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Central Plotting
			id = 6038
			name = "Central Plotting"
			desc = "Information from spotters located high in the vessel is passed to a central location.  This information allows more accurate correction of the range information which is transmitted to the individual gun turrets."
			
			required = { 6036 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Main Battery Director
			id = 6039
			name = "Basic Main Battery Director"
			desc = "The director is the key component of a centralized fire control system.  All of the range and bearing information is gathered in the director which calulates the fire control solution.  The targetting information is transmited to the turret where the gunner puts the turret on target and fires the guns.  The gunner simply has to match the turret settings with the settings transmitted from the director to hit the target."
			
			required = { 6037 6038 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Infantry Training
			id = 6040
			name = "Naval Infantry Training"
			desc = "Basic training allows regular infantry units to make attacks on enemy beaches.  The use of basic landing craft such as prams or barges allow troops to be landed on a hostile shore.  These improvised landing craft are unable to withstand enemy fire, so their ability to attack defended beaches is limited."
			
			required = { 6020 13010 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 20 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Marines
			id = 6041
			name = "Marines"
			desc = "These are specialized troops trained to make assaults on enemy held beaches.  Because of the high level of training required to make these assaults, these troops are considered elite in many nations.  The use of marines date back to the days of sailing ships when they were used to defend warships against boarders and to provide anti-personnel fire.  More recently, marines have been used to protect national interests in foreign countries."
			
			required = { 6040 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = marine }
			}
		}
	} # Level 1
	
	level = { # Basic Vessel Designs
		id = 6100
		name = "Basic Vessel Designs"
		desc = "These are basic designs that can be built by most nations.  These transports, destroyers, cruisers, and battleships are mostly characterized by numerous small guns and slower speeds than later designs.  These designs are typical of warships built prior to, and during World War I."
		cost = 4
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Small Tramp Steamer
			id = 6113
			name = "Small Tramp Steamer"
			desc = "These small, general purpose vessels are cheap and easy to build.  Powered by an efficient reciprocating engine that gives fairly good range and a small cargo carrying capacity, these vessels make up the bulk of national merchant marines.  The superstructure is typically located amidships, and there are three or four cargo holds located at the ends of the vessel."
			
			required = { 6026 6031 6032 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 3 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Tramp Freighter
			id = 6114
			name = "Small Tramp Freighter"
			desc = "These small, general purpose vessels are cheap and easy to build.  Powered by a large marine diesel engine, it has a long range and a small engineering crew.  These vessels typically have an amidships house, and three or four cargo holds located at the ends of the vessel."
			
			required = { 6113 6034 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 4 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Passenger Liner
			id = 6115
			name = "Passenger Liner"
			desc = "These large vessels are designed to carry passengers on voyages across the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans.  During times of war they are readily convertable into troop transports.  Liners are also used for conversion into auxiliary warships.  These ships' high speed comes from extremely large engines and long hulls.  Their large size and complicated engine plant mean that they are more difficult to build than standard merchant vessels.  Historically, this was the British liner Queen Mary or French liner Normandie."

			required = { 6033 6113 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 1 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # 500 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6116
			name = "500 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "These are small destroyers with minimal armament and protection.  Typically armed with two or three 105mm guns and four torpedoes, these are basic destroyers.  They aren't well suited for combat with modern naval units, but they are sufficient for use by small nations.  Historically, this was the Brazilian Para-class destroyers or Danish Dragen-class torpedo boats."
			
			required = { 6027 6031 6032 6035 14250 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 1 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # 1000 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6117
			name = "1000 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "These are small destroyer with minimal armament and protection.  Typically armed with three or four 105mm guns and eight torpedoes, these are the first effective fleet destroyers.  They are designed to counter enemy torpedo attacks and make torpedo attacks of their own.  These destroyers are typical of the mass produced designs from World War I.  Historically, this was the US Clemson-class and UK V-Class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6116 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 2 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Protected Cruiser
			id = 6118
			name = "Protected Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a small, lightly armed, and unarmored cruiser typically used for colony defense.  They are armed with numerous small guns (127mm) as the main battery.  Historically, this was the US Chester-class and German Gazelle-class cruisers."
			
			required = { 6028 6031 6032 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 1 }	
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Cruiser
			id = 6119
			name = "Light Cruiser"
			desc = "These ships are useful for scouting and serving as flagships for destroyer flotillas.  Armed with numerous small or medium caliber guns as a main armament, they are designed to rely on firepower and speed rather than armor protection.  Historically, this was the Japanese Sendai-class and German Emden-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6033 6118 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Armored Cruiser 
			id = 6120
			name = "Armored Cruiser"
			desc = "These cruisers are slow and heavily armored and armed.  They are typically armed with a few large caliber guns and numerous smaller weapons.  Their slow speed prevents them from operating in a scouting role for modern fleets, but their heavy armament and armor makes them effective at protecting convoys from commerce raiders.  Historically, this was the Italian San Giorgio-class and Japanese Idzumo-class armored cruisers."
			
			required = { 6018 6028 6031 6032 14254 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Auxiliary Cruiser
			id = 6121
			name = "Auxiliary Cruiser"
			desc = "The conversion of merchant vessels is a quick way to get serviceable warships.  Unfortunately, these converted warships still have the vulnerabilities common to all merchant ships.  They lack subdivision and redundancy of machinery that is typical of other warships their size.  They are armed with multiple medium or small caliber guns.  Historically, this was the German raiders Atlantis and Thor."

			required = { 6115 13108 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Coast Defense Battleship
			id = 6207
			name = "Coast Defense Battleship"
			desc = "These are small battleships which are suitable for use in coastal waters.  They are armed with two or four 254mm guns, or a similar caliber weapons, with numerous secondary and tertiary weapons.  They have lighter armor than full sized battleships, but still have heavier armor than cruisers.  For their size, these ships are heavily armed.  Historically, this was the Norwegian Norge-class and Danish Peter Iuels-class coast defense battleships."

			required = { 6019 6029 6031 6032 6037 13010 14254 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180

			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = battleship }
			}
		}
		application = { # Pre-Dreadnaught Battleship
			id = 6208
			name = "Pre-Dreadnaught Battleship"
			desc = "This is a small battleship armed with two main gun turrets, numerous medium caliber secondary guns, and smaller weapons as a tertiary battery.  They are slow with heavy armor.  These battleships aren't able to fight a modern battleship one on one, but they are more than a match for cruiser if they close the range.  Historically, this was the Swedish Sverige-class or Greek Kilikis-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6207 14255 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Dreadnaught Battleship
			id = 6209
			name = "Dreadnaught Battleship"
			desc = "This battleship is an improvement of the pre-dreadnaught type.  By replacing the multiple medium caliber weapons with large caliber weapons, they increased the hitting power.  They are typically armed with eight to twelve 305mm guns for attacking enemy ships at long range.  They are also armed with some small caliber weapons for defense against smaller warships and aircraft.  Historically, this was the French Corbet-class and Spanish Espaa-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6033 6038 6208 14255 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Battlecruiser
			id = 6210
			name = "Battlecruiser"
			desc = "The battlecruiser is designed to fight through the enemy cruisers and serve as a scout for the battleships.  Because of their heavy guns, battlecruisers became part of the battlefleet themselves.  They are typically armed with eight heavy caliber guns of equal size to dreadnaughts, but lack the armor protection.  Historically, this was the Japanese Kongo-class and Turkish Yavuz-class battlecruisers."
			
			required = { 6120 6209 14255 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super-Dreadnaught Battleship
			id = 6211
			name = "Super-Dreadnaught Battleship"
			desc = "The development of more powerful naval guns makes these battleships more formidable than previous classes of battleships.  In addition to larger guns, these new ships also have thicker armor belts and more powerful engines.  The danger of long range gunfire requires thick deck armor which also resists bombs dropped by aircraft.  They main battery of these ships is typically eight to twelve 356mm guns or similar caliber weapons.  Historically, this was the German Bayern-class and US Colorado-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6039 6209 14256 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super-Dreadnaught Fast Battleship
			id = 6212
			name = "Super-Dreadnaught Fast Battleship"
			desc = "The concept of the fast battleship was developed to give navies the option of choosing the time and the place of engagement.  These ships were historically limited to specialized squadrons designed to operate independently from the rest of the battlefleet.  These ships are typically armed with eight 356mm guns or similar caliber weapons.  Historically, this was the British Queen Elizabeth-class and Japanese Nagato-class fast battleships."

			required = { 6211 14256 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Battlecruiser
			id = 6213
			name = "Large Battlecruiser"
			desc = "Even after the Battle of Jutland, the value of the battlecruiser in fleet actions remained.  To remedy the faults of previous battlecruisers, more armor was added to protect the magazines from plunging fire at long ranges.  Flash protection in the turrets was improved to prevent damage to the turret from spreading to the magazines.  This results in ships that are virtually fast battleships.  Historically, this was the British battlecruiser Hood."
			
			required = { 6211 14256 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 5 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 2
	
	level = { # Great War Experience
		id = 6200
		name = "Great War Experience"
		desc = "The first world war provided a wealth of experience in fleet operations.  Fleet commanders learned how to use and maneuver large groups of warships.  Admiralty Boards learned how to use advantages of wireless communications with distant fleets.  The use of convoys to combat attacks by submarines was another valuable lesson that was learned."
				
		cost = 4
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Forced Draft Boilers
			id = 6307
			name = "Forced Draft Boilers"
			desc = "Forcing air into the boiler allows more efficient combustion of the fuel.  Air is used to both atomize (spray) the fuel into the boiler and provide extra air for combustion.  Large fans are mounted in the upper levels of the engine room which compress the air and force it into the boiler."

			required = { 6031 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Geared Steam Turbine
			id = 6308
			name = "Geared Steam Turbine"
			desc = "Interlocking gears are used to transfer the power from the turbine to the propeller shaft.  These gears use a herringbone pattern to prevent energy loss from slipping.  The use of a gear system allows a high pressure and a low pressure turbine to be used to drive a single propeller.  This makes the use of steam more efficient.  The use of the gears also allows the turbines to turn at their most efficient speed without causing cavitation with the propellers."

			required = { 6033 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
			command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Anti-Submarine Equipment
			id = 6309
			name = "Basic Anti-Submarine Equipment"
			desc = "Submarines are difficult targets to attack.  First they have to be found, and then an attack has to be made.  One of the first pieces of equipment developed was a simple system of hydrophones.  These are simple waterproof microphones that hear the sounds generated by the submarine's propeller.  This allows the submarine to be tracked while submerged."

			required = { 13009 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Anti-Submarine Operations
			id = 6310
			name = "Basic Anti-Submarine Operations"
			desc = "Early in the first world war, it was discovered that effective means were needed to combat submarines.  Effective weapons and tactics needed to be developed.  Depth charges and basic tactics are effective in combating submarines which can only submerge for short periods of time."

			required = { 6309 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Seaplane Operations
			id = 6311
			name = "Seaplane Operations"
			desc = "The use of seaplanes for scouting and attacks was pioneered during World War I.  The first combat use of seaplanes was by the British Royal Navy during a bombing raid on German Zeppelin sheds.  Experience with seaplanes leads to developments in both the aircraft the effective use of them at sea.  Methods are developed to launch seaplanes while underway.  The use of platforms mounted on the bow generated wind to provide additional lift for the aircraft.  This pioneered the technology later used by aircraft carriers."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Lighter Than Air Craft
			id = 6312
			name = "Lighter Than Air Craft"
			desc = "The construction of rigid, lighter than air craft allows them to go farther, and to carry a larger payload than contemporary aircraft.  The first lighter than air craft are simple silk bags filled with hot air.  This new design is a rigid steel frame supporting individual cells filled with lightweight hydrogen gas.  The increased lifting power of the hydrogen gives the new craft a great increases in capability."

			required = { 13113 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
	} # Level 3
	
	level = { # Carrier Experimentation
		id = 6300
		name = "Carrier Experimentation"
		desc = "Experience during the first world war showed that the operation of aircraft off ships at sea is possible.  The use of aircraft in attacks on targets ashore during the war showed that aircraft could fill roles that surface ships traditionally filled.  Maritime nations can develop specialized vessels for deploying aircraft at sea."
				
		cost = 4
		time = 360
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90


		application = { # Basic Conversions
			id = 6411
			name = "Basic Conversions"
			desc = "The first carriers are naval auxiliaries or battleships converted with simple flight decks and aircraft handling facilities.  These conversions are mainly used for experimentation and the refining of the technology.  These simple carriers also have a limited role in combat.  Historically, this was the US Langley-class or French Barn-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6025 6311 13008 13010 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = carrier }
			}
		}

		application = { # Hydraulic Catapult
			id = 6412
			name = "Hydraulic Catapult"
			desc = "A catapult is used to launch the aircraft that is too heavy or when there is insufficient wind to provide lift.  The catapult works by harnessing the energy in a compressed fluid.  Hydraulic fluid is compressed in a resevoir where it can be released into the catapult.  The high pressure fluid pushes the shuttle down the track accelerating the aircraft to flight speed."
			
			required = { 6030 6311 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Arrestor Wires
			id = 6413
			name = "Arrestor Wires"
			desc = "These are heavy wire ropes run across the carrier's deck.  The landing aircraft has a hook mounted on the tail which snags the rope bringing the aircraft to a stop.  The arrestor wire is connected to a series of hydraulic rams which absorb the energy of the landing aircraft."
			
			required = { 6030 6311 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Cruiser Conversions
			id = 6414
			name = "Large Cruiser Conversions"
			desc = "Many nations had fast battleships or battlecruisers that were surplus after the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty.  These hulls are perfect for conversion into large aircraft carriers.  The mountings for the turrets are removed and the hull built up to support the flight deck.  Historically, this was the US Lexington-class and Japanese Akagi-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6213 6411 6412 6413 13105 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Carrier Designs
			id = 6415
			name = "Carrier Designs"
			desc = "Experimentation with the various conversions gives valuable experience in carrier operations.  This experience allows nations to determine which features will be best in purpose built carriers."
			
			required = { 6414 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Black Powder Catapult
			id = 6416
			name = "Black Powder Catapult"
			desc = "Although hydraulic catapults are more efficient, their use was limited on surface warships.  The problem with the hydraulic catapult is that it requires openings in the deck for the hydraulic lines.  This is difficult if the catapult is going to be mounted on top of an armored turret or deck.  The black powder catapult doesn't require any openings and the powder charges are kept in the ships magazine."
			
			required = { 6412 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
	} # Level 4
	
	level = { # Improved Shipbuilding
		id = 6400
		name = "Improved Shipbuilding"
		desc = "In the years following the first world war, naval technology kept growing due to a renewed naval building race.  This building race was stopped with the signing of the Washington Naval Limitation Treaty.  This forced nations to develop technologies that were more powerful, but still met displacement restrictions."
				
		cost = 4
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Weight Saving Technology
			id = 6514
			name = "Weight Saving Technology"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Limitation Treaty put limits on the size of most warships.  This treaty took effect with all warships that were built after 1922.  The treaty forces naval architects and marine engineers to develop technologies that allow new warships to be more powerful than their predecessors, but follow the weight restrictions of the treaty."
			
			required = { 6025 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180

			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Secondary Battery Turrets
			id = 6515
			name = "Secondary Battery Turrets"
			desc = "The concentration of the secondary guns into turrets allows a simplified arrangement.  In earlier designs, the secondary guns were distributed along the length of the hull in single gun casemates.  This prevented damage from taking out the entire secondary battery, but made ammunition distribution more difficult.  The use of turrets saves weight by concentrating the magazines and ammunition supply equipment to limited areas of the vessel.  Turrets also limit the area of the vessel that has to be protected with armor."

			required = { 6016 6037 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Sloped Belt Armor
			id = 6516
			name = "Sloped Belt Armor"
			desc = "Sloped armor saves weight because of the virtual increase in armor thickness gained when the armor is angled.  By angling the armor way from vertical, the cross section of the armor is thicker.  This allows protection to be increased without an increase in armor weight.  The problem with the internal belt armor is access.  If the armor is damaged, it is more difficult to repair because of its location.  The sloped belt also takes up more internal space than traditional belt armor."

			required = { 6019 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Tube Boilers
			id = 6517
			name = "Small Tube Boilers"
			desc = "A small tube boiler allows a boiler to produce the same amount of steam in a smaller space.  The steam generation tubes are placed closer together and are shorter because of their smaller size.  Smaller generating tubes also allow higher operating pressures to be developed.  The combination of smaller volume and higher operating pressures allow smaller engineering spaces to be used which saves weight."
			
			required = { 6031 6308 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Aluminum Structures
			id = 6518
			name = "Aluminum Structures"
			desc = "Aluminum is lighter than steel, but doesn't resist damage as well.  The use of aluminum for structures that don't have to resist damage saves weight for armor or weapons.  Special joints have to be made where aluminum and steel structures come together.  Typically, aluminum is used for superstructures or lightweight shields for guns."

			required = { 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Transom Stern
			id = 6519
			name = "Transom Stern"
			desc = "Using models in tanks, it was discovered that a flat stern (transom stern) has the same hydrodynamic properties as a traditional curved stern.  The reduction in length saves weight through the removal of the complex framing associated with the traditional curved stern.  The weight saved can be used for increased armor protection or engine power."
			
			required = { 6025 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # High Speed Diesel Engines
			id = 6520
			name = "High Speed Diesel Engines"
			desc = "Diesel engines are traditionally used in vessels where speed doesn't matter, like merchant vessels.  The use of diesels in heavy warships will give benefits in range and reduced manpower.  The new high speed diesel engines combine the reliability of a diesel engine with the horsepower of a steam plant and turbine."
			
			required = { 6034 6514 5009 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Refined Weapons Development
			id = 6521
			name = "Refined Weapons Development"
			desc = "New weapons systems are more functional than previous designs.  These weapons systems are more useful in a variety of situations.  They allow weight saving though the replacement of multiple weapons mounts with a single mount.  This allows designers to increase the firepower on treaty limited designs."

			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Dual Purpose Guns
			id = 6522
			name = "Dual Purpose Guns"
			desc = "In previous designs, seperate anti-surface and anti-aircraft guns were necessary.  With the limitations dictated by the Washington Naval Treaty, more efficient methods of mounting the guns had to be developed.  Ideal anti-surface weapons need a high muzzle velocity and a heavy shell.  Ideal anti-aircraft weapons have a quick rate of fire and train.  The dual purpose gun combines some of the charecteristics of each type, but makes some sacrfices compared with each type.  This saves weight by allowing a single gun to replace to seperate weapons."

			required = { 6016 6521 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = build_time which = destroyer value = -5 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = build_time which = cruiser value = -5 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = build_time which = battleship value = -5 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = build_time which = carrier value = -5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Dual Speed Torpedoes
			id = 6523
			name = "Dual Speed Torpedoes"
			desc = "The use of dual speed torpedoes allows more flexibility in their use.  Dual speeds give the captain the choice of a long range shot with a slower speed, or a faster, short range shot."
			
			required = { 6035 6521 5013 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = submarine when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic ASW Weapons
			id = 6524
			name = "Basic ASW Weapons"
			desc = "The increased speeds and operating depths of enemy submarines force the development of better weapons to combat them.  Depth charge throwers enable the destroyer to lay larger patterns of depth charges.  The improved hydrodynamic shape of new depth charges allows them to sink faster.  This allows submarines to be effectively attacked at deeper depths."
			
			required = { 6310 6521 13109 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Oxygen Powered Torpedo
			id = 6526
			name = "Oxygen Powered Torpedo"
			desc = "Basic torpedoes work on a kerosene powered engine with standard air.  The kerosene is burned with the air to provide the energy to propel the torpedo through the water.  The replacement of the air with pure oxygen will make more space within the torpedo for more fuel or a larger warhead."

			required = { 6523 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Torpedo Engines
			id = 6527
			name = "Improved Torpedo Engines"
			desc = "Improvements in engine design allow the torpedo to create thrust more efficiently.  The fuel and oxygen are burned to provide an exhaust which is run through a turbine.  The turbine is connected to the propeller at the rear of the torpedo.  Ways have to be found to counter the gyroscopic force which is generated by the spinning turbine."

			required = { 6526 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Torpedo Warheads
			id = 6528
			name = "Large Torpedo Warheads"
			desc = "The change from air to oxygen for powering the torpedo frees up space within the torpedo for a larger warhead.  The larger size of the warhead is combined with improved explosives to increase the hitting power of new torpedoes.  These new warhead designs can also be used in the torpedoes used by torpedo planes."

			required = { 6527 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_attack which = torpedo_plane value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Fire Control
			id = 6529
			name = "Improved Fire Control"
			desc = "The increasing range which modern guns can fire makes centralized fire control more important.  Increased range makes the danger area where the shell will hit the smaller than at short range.  Small errors in the timing of firing the guns or the range prediction can result in the shells missing the target."

			required = { 6036 6038 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Turret Optics
			id = 6530
			name = "Advanced Turret Optics"
			desc = "Advances in director technology is driven in part by better optics.  These optics allow precise targeting at longer ranges.  These optics are also installed in the turret to serve as a back-up system in the event that the director is put out of action."
			
			required = { 6037 6529 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Main Battery Director
			id = 6531
			name = "Improved Main Battery Director"
			desc = "As fire control technology gets better, the ability to engage targets at long range improves as well.  Most directors are fitted with a long base rangefinder as an integral part of the director which allows quicker fire solutions.  These improved directors control all of the aiming and firing of guns within the turret."
			
			required = { 6039 6530 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Secondary Battery Director
			id = 6532
			name = "Basic Secondary Battery Director"
			desc = "The basic secondary battery director is a result of the refinements in director technology.  As the technology gets better, it also becomes smaller.  This allows separate directors to be mounted to control the secondary battery guns.  Typically, there are two or more directors depending on the number of guns in the secondary battery."
			
			required = { 6515 6518 6531 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Spotting Aircraft
			id = 6533
			name = "Spotting Aircraft"
			desc = "Aircraft launched from the ship spot the fall of shells that are beyond visual range.  An observer in the aircraft is able to provide accurate spotting information because of his location high above the battle area.  The observer radios corrections back to the vessel after each salvo."
			
			required = { 6416 6529 13107 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = -1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 10 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 0.5 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = -1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 10 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 0.5 }
			}
		}

		application = {
			id = 6534
			name = "Improved Lighter Than Air Craft Reconnaissance"
			desc = "Due to their high speed and greater range of view, airships appear to offer a cost-effective way to perform naval reconnaissance in place of cruisers.  This is of special importance to the United States, which possesses two vast naval frontiers on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.  Implementing this involves intensive training with the fleet and the development of mobile mooring facilities.  These mobile facilities are mounted on specially modified surface ships so the airships can operate closely with the fleet."

			required = { 6312 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 45
			pos_offset = 90
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 2 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 5
	
	level = { # Washington Treaty Designs
		id = 6500
		name = "Washington Treaty Designs"
		desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty was signed in 1922.  As part of that treaty, nations agree to limits in displacement and weapon size.  The treaty also ended the naval building race that started shortly after the end of World War I."
				
		cost = 4
		time = 360
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Medium Steamer
			id = 6610
			name = "Medium Steamer"
			desc = "As trade routes are centralized, the need for numerous, small cargo vessels is reduced.  These larger ships are designed to carry large volumes of cargo between a limited number of ports.  Typically, these ships have an amidships house and six or seven cargo holds at the ends of the vessel.  Historically, this was the US Maritime Commision C-2 cargo ships."

			required = { 6033 6113 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Medium Freighter
			id = 6611
			name = "Medium Freighter"
			desc = "The introduction of a standardized medium cago vessel design allowed the production of modified vessels equiped with diesel engines.  The use of diesel engines allowed the vessel to use less fuel and run with a smaller engineering crew."

			required = { 6114 6610 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 6 }
			}
		}		
		application = { # 1500 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6612
			name = "1500 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "This type of destroyer is representative of the first classes of interwar destroyers.  These destroyers take into account lessons that were learned during the first world war.  Advances in engineering, weaponry, construction techniques that were developed following the war increase the survivability of these destroyers.  Historically, this was the French Bourrasque-class and US Farragut-class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6117 6515 6517 6518 6519 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Destroyer
			id = 6613
			name = "Large Destroyer"
			desc = "The development of large destroyers filled two roles within the fleet.  These destroyers use their larger size to provide space for the staff necessary to command destroyer squadrons.  The large destroyers are also more survivable in combat.  The construction of large destroyers was limited by the Washington Treaty.  These large destroyers use almost twice the tonnage of the standard 1500 ton destroyers without twice the capability."

			required = { 6117 6515 6517 6518 6519 13013 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Treaty Light Cruiser
			id = 6614
			name = "Treaty Light Cruiser"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty created the class of light cruiser (as opposed to heavy cruiser).  Light cruisers are cruisers with a main battery of 152mm (6 inch) guns or smaller guns.  The treaty limited the size of all cruisers to 10000 tons standard displacement.  The use of turrets for the main battery reduces the length of the vessel and provides additional room for engine rooms by eliminating magazines.  Historically, this was the British Leander-class and Italian Da Barbiano-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6119 6516 6517 6518 6519 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Treaty Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6615
			name = "Treaty Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty created the class of heavy cruiser (as opposed to light cruiser).  Heavy cruisers are cruisers with a main battery of 203mm (8 inch) guns.  The treaty limited cruisers to a standard displacement of 10000 tons.  Heavy cruisers sacrifice armor protection for increased gun power.  These cruisers are sometimes known unaffectionaltely as 'Tin Clads.'  Historically, this was the US Northampton-class and British County-class heavy cruisers."
			
			required = { 6119 6516 6517 6518 6519 14253 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Pocket Battleship
			id = 6616
			name = "Pocket Battleship"
			desc = "The Germans were limited by the Versailles Treaty to battleships of 10000 tons.  To remain within the limits of the treaty, a cruiser (small battleship) was designed that had more firepower than cruisers limited by the Washington Naval Treaty.  The weight of their armament limited the tonnage available for the engines.  To get long range for commerce raiding and reduce weight, a diesel plant was adopted.  This limited the speed of these cruisers to 28 knots.  This design was analyzed by other maritime power as an option, but was rejected as an inefficient use of valuable battleship tonnage.  Historically, this was the German Deutchland-class pocket battleships."

			required = { 6120 6515 6516 6518 6519 6520 13016 14254 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 4 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Treaty Battlecruiser
			id = 6617
			name = "Small Treaty Battlecruiser"
			desc = "The success of the pocket battleship opened up new avenues of design based on ships with a smaller caliber main battery guns.  Although the pocket battleship was able to outfight cruisers limited by the Washington Treaty, they are liable to be chased down by battlecruisers or new fast battleships.  The larger design replaces the diesel engines of the pocket battleship with high pressure small tube boilers and geared turbines.  The larger hull also allows the number of heavy guns to be increased.  Historically, this was the French Dunkerque-class and German Scharnhorst-class battlecruisers."

			required = { 6308 6517 6616 13215 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 4 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Treaty Battleship
			id = 6618
			name = "Treaty Battleship"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty limits battleships to a standard displacemnt of 35000 tons.  This isn't much larger than battleships completed at the end of World War I, but is much smaller than the designs that were being built or on the drawing board following the war.  This means that designers have to find a way to balance the new requirement for speed with the need for heavy armament and protection.  Historically, this was the British King George V-class and US North Carolina-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6211 6515 6516 6517 6530 14257 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Fast Treaty Battleship
			id = 6741
			name = "Fast Treaty Battleship"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty contains provisions that when a non-signatory power builds a battleship that exceeds treaty limits, the limits will be increased.  With the refusal of the Japanese to renew the treaty, the limits are expanded to a standard displacement of 45,000 tons.  The additional displacement allows for a higher design speed.  A small length to beam ratio is achieved by lengthening the design.  This means that the same power is able to achieve higher speed.  Unfortunately, it means that there is now more hull area that needs to be armored.  This means that the increase in speed is bought at no increase in armor protection or armament.  Historically, this was the US Iowa-class battleships."

			required = { 6618 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 540
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Aviation Cruiser
			id = 6742
			name = "Aviation Cruiser"
			desc = "During the 1930s, many nations looked at building a hybrid cruiser-carrier to supplement their carrier tonnage which was limited by the Washington Naval Treaty.  Aviation cruiser designs typically have two or three turrets with 152mm (6 inch) guns forward.  A small flight deck and island are placed on the stern in place of the after turrets.  They have a limited air group with 28 aircraft, but also have armor on the scale of contempary light cruisers.  All of the countries that have looked at the design determined that it is not a worthwhile use of limited cruiser tonnage."
			
			required = { 6415 6614 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Fleet Carrier
			id = 6743
			name = "Fleet Carrier"
			desc = "Experimentation with converted carriers resulted in designs for carriers built specifically for that purpose.  The first carriers are intended to act as scouting and support elements for the traditional battleline of battleships.  As the their tactics evolve, they have become independent strike units.  These carriers have lightweight decks and limited armor protection to optimize the number of aircraft that can be carried.  Historically, this was the British Ark Royal-class, US Yorktown-class, and Japanese Shokaku-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6415 6517 13105 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 4 }
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Armored Deck Fleet Carrier
			id = 6744
			name = "Armored Flight Deck Fleet Carrier"
			desc = "The protection of carriers from attack is always a difficult question.  Carriers by their very nature are required to carry large quantities of flammable materials.  One solution to protecting carriers is the armored flight deck.  A traditional carrier has a protective deck under the hanger to protect the engineering spaces and the magazines.  These carriers add a second layer of armor at the flight deck.  This second layer of armor provides additional protection from bombs.  Unfortunately, this reduces the size of the air group that can be carried aboard due to stability considerations and space limitations.  Historically, this was the British Illustrious-class aircraft carriers."

			required = { 6743 13210 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Fleet Carrier
			id = 6745
			name = "Post-Treaty Fleet Carrier"
			desc = "The relaxation of the tonnage limits with the Washington Naval Treaty mean that more capable carriers can be designed and built.  One of the improvements incorporated is a more robust engineering plant.  The concept allows 'split plant' operation.  This means the destruction of any single engineering space does not incapacitate the carrier.  There are also advantages in the fact that these carriers are bigger than their predecessors.  Historically, this was the US Essex-class and Japanese Unryu-class aircraft carriers."

			required = { 6743 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 540
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Armored Deck Post-Treaty Fleet Carrier
			id = 6746
			name = "Armored Flight Deck Fleet Carrier"
			desc = "The protection of carriers takes many forms.  With a new generation of fleet carriers, the new design has to be updated with an armored flight deck that is important for protection.  Unfortunately, this design carries fewer aircraft than carriers without the armored flight deck.  This is done because of the limitations in stability and space that occur as a result of the armored flight deck.  Historically, this was the British Malta-class and Japanese Taiho-class aircraft carriers."

			required = { 6745 6744 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 9 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 6	

	level = { # Advanced Shipbuilding
		id = 6600
		name = "Advanced Shipbuilding"
		desc = "The relaxation of the limitations of the Washington Naval Treaty opens up new areas of shipbuilding technology.  As the use of marine electronics become more common as radar systems and small radios become available.  There are also improvements in naval aviation as fleets gain experience operating large groups of aircraft."
				
		cost = 4
		time = 540
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Basic Marine Electronics
			id = 6716
			name = "Basic Marine Electronics"
			desc = "As the field of electronics grew during the 1930s, production of cheap vacuum tubes made the development of devices like radar and small radio sets possible.  These improved electronic systems improve the ability of warships to survive combat and destroy enemy vessels."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Decimetric Air Search Radar
			id = 6717
			name = "Basic Decimetric Air Search Radar"
			desc = "Radar was originally developed for use by stations on shore.  Before the radar sets could be used on ships they need to be 'hardened' to withstand the stress of being on a moving vessel.  The radar antennas need to be sealed to protect them from the corrosion associated with salt water.  These radar sets are so large that they must be mounted on a large vessel such as a cruiser, battleship, or carrier."
			
			required = { 3003 3102 6716 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 360
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Decimetric Surface Search Radar
			id = 6718
			name = "Basic Decimetric Surface Search Radar"
			desc = "This is a simple surface search radar.  The operator watches a line on the radar screen.  When a target is detected, a 'blip' appears along the line corresponding to the range.  A seperate guage tells the operator the bearing of the target.  The long wavelength that these radar sets use makes them vulnerable to clutter from nearby land.  This means that targets can be lost or not seen in confined waters."

			required = { 6717 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 360
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = surface_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Sonar/ASDIC
			id = 6719
			name = "Basic Sonar/ASDIC"
			desc = "Sonar/ASDIC works by sending sound waves into the water where they are reflected off the target.  By timing the reflected sound wave the distance to the target is found.  Basic sonar/ASDIC cannot detect a submarine running on the surface because of reflections from the water's surface."
			
			required = { 6716 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved MF/HF Radios
			id = 6720
			name = "Improved MF/HF Radios"
			desc = "The use of skywaves allow the operator to communicate with vessels at longer ranges.  Skywaves are radio waves 'bounced' off ionized layers in the atmosphere.  The use of skywaves allows the radio mast to be made shorter."
			
			required = { 6716 3007 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = destroyer when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = cruiser when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = battleship when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = carrier when = now value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # VHF Tactical Radios
			id = 6721
			name = "VHF Tactical Radios"
			desc = "VHF (Very High Frequency) radios allow instantaneous communications between ships within visual range.  The small radio sets are mounted on the bridge where officers have instant access.  Manuevering and targeting commands can be quickly passed to a group of ships without the use of a flashing light or radio operator.  The short wavelength radio signals limit radio's range to the horizon."

			required = { 6716 3006 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = max_organization which = destroyer when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = cruiser when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = battleship when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = carrier when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Marine Engineering
			id = 6722
			name = "Improved Marine Engineering"
			desc = "Improvements in marine engineering have improved the redundancy and efficiency of warships.  The importance of damage control means that most of the focus of new engineering designs is focused on increasing survivability."

			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Diesel Fire Pump
			id = 6723
			name = "Diesel Fire Pump"
			desc = "A diesel engine allows damage control equipment to be spread around the vessel.  The diesel engine can be mounted in a space that unconnected to the engine spaces.  A large centrifigul pump is tied into the fire main.  This allows the fire main to be broken into zones to protect against damage, but also allow the pump to pressurize the entire system in the event of damage to the engine spaces."

			required = { 6722 6520 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Diesel Generator
			id = 6724
			name = "Diesel Generator"
			desc = "The use of a diesel engine to drive a generator means that emergency generators can be mounted in spaces outside of the engine room.  These generators are tied into seperate buses where power can be provided to critical systems.  Back-up power can be provided to gun mounts and electronics in the event of damage to the engine spaces."

			required = { 6723 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Steam Plant
			id = 6725
			name = "Improved Steam Plant"
			desc = "Superheated steam is created by running the steam through the boiler a second time.  Superheating removes all of the water from the steam resulting in 'dry steam.' Superheating the steam allows more heat energy to be added to the steam.  Hotter steam is more efficient in driving the turbines.  The 'dry steam' is better for equipment by limiting corrosion."

			required = { 6722 6517 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Naval Aviation
			id = 6726
			name = "Improved Naval Aviation"
			desc = "Advances in general aviation eventually made their way into the specialized field of naval aviation.  Naval warplanes have become lighter, faster and more maneuverable.  This means facilities on the carrier have to be improved to maintain and operate these more advanced aircraft."
			
			required = { 6743 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Merchant Vessel Conversions
			id = 6727
			name = "Merchant Vessel Conversions"
			desc = "During the early years of the war nations looked at converting readily available merchant vessels into aircraft carriers.  These conversions are simple.  Moving the stacks and engine intakes to the edges of the deck and adding a flight deck and hanger to the existing main deck."
			
			required = { 6411 6610 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Cruiser Conversions
			id = 6728
			name = "Light Cruiser Conversions"
			desc = "During the early years of the war many nations looked converting available light cruiser hulls into aircraft carriers to get carriers quickly into the fleet.  These are complex conversions.  The main battery magazines are converted to magazines for bombs and torpedoes and fuel storage created within the hull.  The hanger and flight deck are built up on the hull and a small island is added."
			
			required = { 6414 6614 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}

		application = { # Improved Aviation Fueling System
			id = 6729
			name = "Improved Aviation Fueling System"
			desc = "The system for aviation gasoline (avgas) on the carrier is vulnerable to damage, fire, and explosions.  By moving the pipes outside of the hull and installing a system that fills the pipes with carbon dioxide, it reduces the threat of exploding fuel vapors."
			
			required = { 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Directional Homing Beacons
			id = 6730
			name = "Directional Homing Beacons"
			desc = "Directional homing beacons send out coded radio signals.  As the bearing back to the ship changes, a recieved morse code letter changes.  This allows aircraft to find their way back to the carrier from long ranges."
			
			required = { 6720 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = max_organization which = torpedo_plane value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Aircraft Handling Systems
			id = 6731
			name = "Improved Aircraft Handling Systems"
			desc = "As aircraft get larger, the amount of space that they take up on deck increased.  This means that aircraft have to be moved around the deck more often than in the past.  Specialized handling tractors are developed to move aircraft around the deck quicker."
			
			required = { 6743 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Arrestor Wires
			id = 6732
			name = "Improved Arrestor Wires"
			desc = "The increasing speed and weight of naval aircraft means that the equipment used for stopping them on deck has to be made stronger.  The hyraulic rams are made larger to absorb more energy.  The wire ropes themselves are also made thicker the withstand the increased stresses."

			required = { 6743 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Heavy Shipboard Torpedoes
			id = 6733
			name = "Heavy Shipboard Torpedoes"
			desc = "Increasing the diameter of the torpedo from the standard 533mm (21 inch) to 610mm (24 inch) allows the torpedo to be made more powerful.  The additional volume within the torpedo body allows a large warhead to be combined with longer range.  This makes the torpedo a very effective weapon.  The increased size of the torpedo means that the torpedo tubes have to modified in an extensive overhaul.  Historically, this was the Japanese 'Long Lance' torpedo."

			required = { 6526 6527 6528 13011 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 0.3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Blimp Experimentation
			id = 6734
			name = "Blimp Experimentation"
			desc = "Enormous rigid airships like the Hindenburg and Akron proved dangerously fragile and subject to loss from fire and inclement weather.  Small blimps, airships without an aluminum inner skeleton, are more robust operationally, although they have a smaller payload than the big airships."

			required = { 6534 }

			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
	} # Level 7
	
	level = { # Specialized Amphibious Warfare Equipment
		id = 6700
		name = "Specialized Amphibious Warfare Equipment"
		desc = "As navies made attacks against enemy held beaches, they have discovered that specialized equipment is necessary to make those attacks successful.  Specialized equipment protects the troops as they come ashore from enemy fire.  The specialized equipment is also designed to be manufactured quickly." 
				
		cost = 4
		time = 360
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90
		
		application = { # Naval Special Forces
			id = 6810
			name = "Naval Special Forces"
			desc = "As the war progresses, nations have discovered that they need specialized forces for scouting and preparing enemy beaches.  The British created the Special Boat Service (SBS) and the US created the UDT divers.  These forces make it easier for the marines following them to succeed in their assaults."
			
			required = { 6041 13214 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Coordinated Naval Gunfire
			id = 6811
			name = "Coordinated Naval Gunfire"
			desc = "Coordinated naval gunfire is made possible by detailed fire support plans and communications with troops on shore.  Specially trained spotters with the troops radio targets and corrections to ships offshore.  This allows efficient fire at targets of opportunity."
			
			required = { 6119 6721 13214 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cruiser when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = battleship when = now value = 20 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Infantry Landing Craft
			id = 6812
			name = "Specialized Infantry Landing Craft"
			desc = "The use of specialized landing craft allows troops to land with armor protection.  Landing craft get the troops on shore without crossing the beach under fire.  These craft can also land a limited amount of supplies across the beach."
			
			required = { 2206 13309 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 10 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 10 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 10 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Vehicle Landing Craft
			id = 6813
			name = "Specialized Vehicle Landing Craft"
			desc = "The Landing Ship (Tank) allows vehicles to land directly onto an unprepared beach.  The LST pushes her bow up on the beach and extends a ramp allowing the vehicles to drive directly into combat.  These vessels can also transport cavalry directly into combat without waiting for horses to arrive separately."
			
			required = { 6812 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = armor when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = motorized when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = mechanized when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cavalry when = now value = 20 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Fire Support Craft
			id = 6814
			name = "Specialized Fire Support Craft"
			desc = "These are infantry landing craft modified to fire rockets and guns in support of troops on shore.  They get close to shore with their shallow draft and reinforced bows.  Firing concentrated salvoes of rockets at targets of opportunity targeted by spotters ashore allows the troops on shore to advance easier."
			
			required = { 6811 6812 7002 13416 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cavalry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = armor when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = motorized when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = mechanized when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Amphibious Command Ship
			id = 6815
			name = "Specialized Amphibious Command Ship"
			desc = "Amphibious operations require command facilities that can monitor both the battle ashore and the surrounding sea area.  Merchant ships are converted to add extensive communications equipment.  Cargo holds are converting into spaces for planning and controlling operations on shore."

			required = { 6720 6721 6610 13416 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = marine when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cavalry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = armor when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = motorized when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = mechanized when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cruiser when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = battleship when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Amphibious Supply Craft
			id = 6816
			name = "Amphibious Supply Craft"
			desc = "Amphibious assaults require large quantities of supplies.  Until a port is secured, supplies have to be brought across the beach from ships offshore.  Amphibious vehicles are more effective because of their ability to drive up onto the beach before unloading the supplies."

			required = { 6812 13309 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = marine when = now value = -0.25 }
			}
		}

	} # Level 8	
	level = { # Refined Marine Technology
		id = 6800
		name = "Refined Marine Technology"
		desc = "The use of electronics became more important in the field of naval combat.  The use of electronics allowed for detection at longer ranges.  This meant that the combat happened at longer ranges as well."
				
		cost = 4
		time = 540
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Refined ASW Technology
			id = 6908
			name = "Refined ASW Technology"
			desc = "As crews get more experience in hunting and destroying enemy submarines, concepts for improvements to the systems used in ASW have improved.  The new technology is designed to combat the massed submarine attacks that are common in 'wolfpack' tactics.  These new systems can detect the submarine and allow faster attacks before the submarine can evade."

			required = { 6524 13408 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Refined ASW Tactics
			id = 6909
			name = "Refined ASW Tactics"
			desc = "As was the war continues, experience in hunting and destroying submarines continues to increase.  Submarines are slower while operating submerged.  If the escorts can force the submarine to submerge, it limits the search area.  Even if the submarine isn't destroyed, the slow speed of the submerged submarine ensures that the convoy can escape."

			required = { 6908 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Long Range ASW Aircraft
			id = 6910
			name = "Basic Long Range ASW Aircraft"
			desc = "Flying boats are converted to make anti-submarine patrol aircraft.  The planes are fitted with depth charges racks for attacking submarines.  Flare dispensers allow attacks to be made against submarines on the surface at night.  The long range of the flying boats allows convoys to have air cover farther out to sea."
			
			required = { 6311 6908 13409 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Coordinated ASW Tactics
			id = 6911
			name = "Coordinated ASW Tactics"
			desc = "Multiple destroyers working together are more effective for destroying enemy submarines than a single destroyer.  Tactics for the coordination of attacks has taken time to develop.  The most efficient method is for one destroyer to track the submarine while another destroyer makes an attack.  During attacks with a single destroyer, contact with the submarine is lost just before the destroyer passes over the submarine.  By using the second destroyer, contact isn't lost at the time of an attack allowing for faster follow-up attacks."

			required = { 6719 6909 13409 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # HF Direction Finder
			id = 6912
			name = "HF Direction Finder"
			desc = "High frequency direction finders (Huff Duff) allow a vessel to get a bearing to a transmitting radio.  An antenna in the shape of a loop is rotated until the signal strenth is the strongest.  The bearing to the transmitting submarine is plotted on a chart.  If more than one vessel gets a bearing, it allows the position of the transmitting submarine to be triangulated and then investigated."
			
			required = { 3206 6720 6908 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Depth Charge Mortar
			id = 6913
			name = "Basic Depth Charge Mortar"
			desc = "This system fires small, contact fused depth charges ahead of the vessel.  The contact fuse removes doubt as to whether or not an attack is effective.  If there is no explosion, the charges have missed their target and a follow-up attack can be made.  Firing the charges ahead allows a single destroyer to make an attack while still tracking the target.  Historically, this was the Mousetrap ASW system."
			
			required = { 6909 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Fire Control Systems
			id = 6914
			name = "Advanced Fire Control Systems"
			desc = "Better manufacturing techniques and improved electronics allow better control systems for weapons systems to be developed.  The use of radar is now available for use in solving the range portion of the fire control solution."
			
			required = { 6529 3402 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Superior Turret Optics
			id = 6915
			name = "Superior Turret Optics"
			desc = "Optics have become more precise as manufacturing processes improve.  Optics now can be mounted in directors and turrets that allow engaging targets at night and in reduced visibility.  Turret optics are now advanced enough that 'long base' rangefinders can be mounted in the turret to facilitate local control in the event of damage to the director."
			
			required = { 6530 2401 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Main Battery Director
			id = 6916
			name = "Advanced Main Battery Director"
			desc = "Main battery directors are mounted high in the vessel to give long range visibility.  The director is able to control and fire the main battery turrets remotely.  By controlling all of the guns from a central location, the firing of the guns can be timed to fire at the perfect time in the ships roll.  This allows for accurate fire at long range."
			
			required = { 6914 6915 6531 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180

			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Secondary Battery Director
			id = 6917
			name = "Improved Secondary Battery Director"
			desc = "The same technology that allows improvements to be made in main battery director can be applied to directors designed for controlling secondary guns.  These directors are fitted with a rangefinder and simple computer to allow calculation of the proper firing solution.  These directors are also used for controlling the guns against aircraft.  These directors have only a lightweight sheild to protect the crew and equipment in the director from shell splinters."

			required = { 6914 6532 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic AA Battery Director
			id = 6918
			name = "Basic AA Battery Director"
			desc = "These small directors are mounted to control the medium and light anti-aircraft guns.  These directors consist of set of control handles and a simple sight.  By tracking the target, lead information is calculated and transmitted to the anti-aircraft guns.  These directors are small enough to be mounted in overlapping fields of coverage."

			required = { 6917 14264 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Fire Control Computer
			id = 6919
			name = "Basic Fire Control Computer"
			desc = "This is a simple mechanical computer mounted deep within the vessel.  Simple switches allow the crew to enter the variables of range, speed and deflection.  A mechanical computer uses the variables to caluculate a fire control solution.  The solution is transmitted to the director where the aim of the guns is adjusted."

			required = { 6916 3302 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Marine Electronics
			id = 6920
			name = "Improved Marine Electronics"
			desc = "Many of the improvements in electronics have gradually found their way into the specialized field of marine electronics.  Smaller radar antennas have enabled radar to be incorperated into more systems.  Improved electronics have also been incorperated into anti-submarine equipment."

			required = { 6716 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric Air Search Radar
			id = 6921
			name = "Basic Centimetric Air Search Radar"
			desc = "The reduction in the wavelength of radar signals allows the antenna to be made smaller.  This allows small warships to mount effective air search radar.  The smaller wavelength also allows the operator to distinguish between individual aircraft on the screen."
			
			required = { 6920 3501 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric Surface Search Radar
			id = 6922
			name = "Basic Centimetric Surface Search Radar"
			desc = "The small wavelength of centimetric radar allows the operator to 'see through' surface clutter and bad weather with more clarity.  The wavelength also allows better distinction between mulitple targets.  Centimetric radar sets are small enough to be mounted on small warships which were unable to mount the heavier decimetric radar."

			required = { 6921 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = surface_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved ASDIC/Sonar
			id = 6923
			name = "Improved ASDIC/Sonar"
			desc = "The use of multiple transducers allows the ASDIC/Sonar to be 'steered' on target without physically turning a piece of equipment.  This is made possible by electronics which analyze multiple signals and combine them into a single signal.  This allows the operator manipulate to manipulate the signal to make submarine detection easier."
			
			required = { 6719 6920 3502 13408 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Towed Hydrophone
			id = 6924
			name = "Towed Hydrophone"
			desc = "A towed hydrophone is made up of multiple transducers towed at the end of a long cable pulled behind the destroyer.  This allows passive detection of submarines while the vessel is underway.  With hull mounted sonar, the engines create enough noise to cover the noise of a quiet submarine.  A towed sonar allows the transducers to be far enough from the engines and propellers to enable them to hear submarines while underway."
			
			required = { 6923 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Sonobouys
			id = 6925
			name = "Sonobouys"
			desc = "These are small, disposable ASDIC/sonar transducers dropped over the side of the vessel.  The transducer to able get beneath the layer where a sharp changes in temperature tend to reflect ASDIC/Sonar signals.  These small transducers are inexpensive enough to be disposable."

			required = { 6923 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Air Dropped Sonobouys
			id = 6926
			name = "Air Dropped Sonobouys"
			desc = "These are small, disposable ASDIC/sonar transducers that can be dropped by an aircraft into the area where a submarine is suspected to be.  A small radio transmits the returning data to an operator on the aircraft.  Once the position of the submarine is determined, the plane can attack the enemy submarine."
			
			required = { 6910 6925 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = carrier when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Decimetric Fire Control Radar
			id = 6927
			name = "Basic Decimetric Fire Control Radar"
			desc = "This is the first generation of fire control radar.  The radar attaches to the front of the director and allows the ship to get an accurate range to the target, even if the target is obscured by haze or smoke.  This radar is not accurate enough to get a bearing on the target, so true blind fire is not possible.  The antenna is heavy and can only be mounted on battleships."
			
			required = { 6718 6916 3402 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric Fire Control Radar
			id = 6928
			name = "Basic Centimetric Fire Control Radar"
			desc = "The development of centimetric radar allows fire control radar sets to be made smaller and more accurate.  The radar antenna is mounted on the main battery director and gives an accurate range and bearing to the target.  The improved accuracy of the centimetric radar allows true blind fire.  The design of this radar is optimized for use against surface targets."

			required = { 6922 6927 3702 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 10 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric AA Radar
			id = 6929
			name = "Basic Centimetric AA Radar"
			desc = "This radar is designed to work with secondary battery directors.  The antenna mounts to the secondary director and is useful in targeting both aircraft and surface ships.  The accuracy of the centimetric radar allows true blind fire if the target is obscured by smoke or darkness."

			required = { 6928 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 } # intentional
				command = { type = night_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 10 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Magnetic Anomaly Detector
			id = 6740
			name = "Magnetic Anomaly Detector"
			desc = "When an object made out of metal is placed in a magnetic field, the metal distorts the magnetic field lines.  This principle is used to detect submarines (metal) when operating (Earth's magnetic Field) submerged.  A very sensitive magnetic compass is carried which detects the subtle changes in the Earth's magnetic field that occur as the result of the submarine's metal hull.  These changes are very small so the detector has to be close to the submarine.  This means the submarine has to be operating at a shallow depth to be detected."

			required = { 6920 6926 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = naval_bomber when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # ASW Blimps
			id = 6735
			name = "Anti-Submarine Blimps"
			desc = "The blimp, equipped with magnetic anomaly detection gear and depth charges, is an effective antisubmarine warfare platform.  The blimp has excellent visibility over the convoy and greater speed than any contemporary convoy escort.  This allows the blimp to fly to the area from which a torpedo attack occurred to prosecute a counter-attack on the enemy submarine.  Historically, this was the US 'K' class blimps."

			required = { 6740 6734 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 9
	
	level = { # Advanced Naval Designs
		id = 6940
		name = "Advanced Naval Designs"
		desc = "With the end of restrictions from the Washington Naval Treaty, many nations upgraded their designs to take advantage of greater available weight and size.  Much of the weight will go into improving the armor protection."
				
		cost = 6
		time = 360
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Fast Steamer
			id = 6930
			name = "Fast Steamer"
			desc = "These merchant vessels were initially designed to transport high value, perishable cargoes.  A pair of high pressure boilers and a geared steam turbine allow these ships to achieve high speed for a merchant vessel.  These ships typically have an amidships or forward house and five or six cargo holds."

			required = { 6610 6725 6308 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Mass Produced Steamer
			id = 6931
			name = "Mass Produced Steamer"
			desc = "Attacks by submarines meant that merchant vessels in convoys are being sunk at alarming rates.  A simple, mass producable ships is required to keep the trade routes open.  These vessels have simple steam plants and either a reciprocating or turbine engine depending on availablity.  Simple construction techniques make these vessel fragile.  Historically, this was the US Liberty ships."
			
			required = { 6610 4802 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Attack Transport
			id = 6932
			name = "Attack Transport"
			desc = "This is a specialized vessel designed for transporting troops in a combat zone.  They have limited means for defending themselves against enemy planes and warships.  Additional hull framing gives these ships the ability to absorb limited damage.  Historically, this was the US Henderson-class transports."
			
			required = { 6930 13309 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Corvette
			id = 6933
			name = "Corvette"
			desc = "This is a small, easily produced escort vessel.  Corvettes are typically armed with two or three small guns and an extensive battery of ASW weaponry.  Diesel engines give these escorts sufficient range to accompany convoys of trans-oceanic routes.  Historically, this was the UK River-class and US Evert-class escorts."
			
			required = { 4802 6520 6117 13307 14250 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # 2000 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6934
			name = "2000 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "The relaxation of the limits of the Washington Naval Treaty means that destroyers can have a standard displacement greater than 1500 tons.  These destroyers have five or six 127mm (5 inch) guns and a large torpedo battery.  Frames which run the entire length of the hull give these destroyers the ability to withstand more damage than previous designs.  Historically, this was the US Fletcher-class and Japanese Kagero-class destroyers."

			required = { 6612 6725 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # 2500 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6991
			name = "2500 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "This is a conventionally powered destroyer design.  Armed with up to six guns in multiple gun mounts, they are able to attack enemy vessels or protect the fleet against air attack.  Historically this was the US Allen M. Sumner-class and British Battle-class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6934 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 1
			time = 360
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Light Cruiser
			id = 6935
			name = "Post-Treaty Light Cruiser"
			desc = "The removal of the Washington Treaty limit of 10000 standard tons for cruisers allow a balanced designs to be created.  The armor belt is made thicker to resist long range gunfire.  The longer hull allows the engineering plant to be split into seperate spaces to resist damage.  Historically, this was the US Cleveland-class and British Fiji-class light cruisers."

			required = { 6614 6725 6915 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # AA Light Cruiser
			id = 6936
			name = "AA Light Cruiser"
			desc = "This cruiser is designed to escort capital ships from air attack.  They are also designed to serve as flagships for destroyer flotillas.  These cruisers are armed with multiple dual purpose 127mm mounts.  Because of the small caliber of their main battery, their effectiveness in attacks against traditional cruisers is limited.  Historically, this was the US Atlanta-class and British Dido-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6119 6518 6519 6522 6725 6914 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6937
			name = "Post-Treaty Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "With the removal of the limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty, designers can improve the level of protection.  The armor belt is made thick enough to withstand hits from 203mm (8 inch) shells.  A new turret design makes the main battery more flexible.  Individual gun slides allow the guns to elevate independently.  Historically, this was the US Baltimore-class heavy cruisers."
			
			required = { 6615 6725 6915 14253 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 11 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super Cruiser
			id = 6938
			name = "Super Cruiser"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty limited cruisers to 203mm (8 inch) guns.  With the relaxation of the treaty limits, a cruiser with 305mm guns can be designed.  Although they look like battleships, they are designed to cruiser standards.  The catapults are mounted amidships and there is only a single rudder.  A new model of lightweight 305mm gun is the main battery gun selected for the new design.  Historically, this was the US Alaska-class large cruisers."

			required = { 6615 6725 6915 13008 13009 14265 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Battleship
			id = 6939
			name = "Post-Treaty Battleship"
			desc = "The removal of the limitations on battleship tonnage imposed by the Washington Treaty results in larger battleship designs.  A new model of 406mm (16 inch) gun allows more guns to be mounted.  A heavy armor belt gives these battleships the ability to withstand fire from other battleships armed with 406mm guns.  Historically, this was the US Montana-class and German Bismarck-class battleships."

			required = { 6617 6725 6915 14258 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 10 }
			}

		}
		application = { # Super Battleship
			id = 6945
			name = "Super Battleship"
			desc = "The super battleship designs started as hypothetical designs to find the limits of battleship design.  The 460mm (18 inch) guns are the heaviest gun mounted on warship.  The belt and deck armor is very thick to resist heavy shells and bombs.  These ships trade speed for their heavy guns and armor.  Historically, this was the Japanese Yamato-class battleships."

			required = { 6617 6725 6915 14259 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 11 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Escort Carrier
			id = 6946
			name = "Escort Carrier"
			desc = "These are merchant hulls converted to operate limited air wings in support of convoys or amphibious operations.  The merchant hull means that there is no armor protection and limited top speed.  Because of their small size, escort carriers carry limited guns for defense against air and surface attacks.  Historically, this was the US Casablanca-class and British Ruler-class escort carriers."

			required = { 6727 6930 13308 13408 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Carrier
			id = 6947
			name = "Light Carrier"
			desc = "Cruiser hulls can be converted into small aircraft carriers.  A flight deck and hanger are built on the main deck of the hull.  The armor belt is removed as compensation for the additional weight of the structure built on the hull.  These carriers are designed to be built quickly and suppliment fleet carriers.  Historically, this was the US Independence-class and Japanese Chitose-class light carriers."

			required = { 6728 6935 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Carrier
			id = 6948
			name = "Large Carrier"
			desc = "Experience with carrier operations showed that more survivability can be built into a large carrier.  A larger hull supports an armored flight deck and more anti-aircraft guns.  The size means that a larger airgroup can be carried.  Historically, this was the US Midway-class and Japanese Shinano-class aircraft carriers."
			
			required = { 6725 6730 6731 6732 6745 13210 13308 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 8 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 10
	
	level = { # Semi-Modern Naval Technology
		id = 6970
		name = "Semi-Modern Naval Technology"
		desc = "Further developments in the field of electronics make improvements in naval warships possible.  These improvements included better radars, nuclear propulsion, and guided missiles.  The range at which battles take place is increasing.  Battles where the combatants don't see one another have become common."
				
		cost = 8
		time = 360
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Advanced Marine Electronics
			id = 6949
			name = "Advanced Marine Electronics"
			desc = "Advances in electronics allow the range of combat to be increased.  Better sensors and systems allow individual warships to cover more area.  The increased capability makes new warships more expensive and increase the cost of restocking weapons."

			required = { 6920 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Centimetric Air Search Radar
			id = 6950
			name = "Advanced Centimetric Air Search Radar"
			desc = "The integration of computers and an advanced antenna design makes radar more effective.  Computers allow the radar signal to be filtered to remove 'noise' and improve clarity.  The improved antenna design increases the range that aircraft can be detected."

			required = { 6921 6949 3804 3901 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Centimetric Surface Search Radar
			id = 6951
			name = "Advanced Centimetric Surface Search Radar"
			desc = "The integration of computers and advanced antenna design make the radar more effective.  Computers allow the radar signal to be filtered.  This allows detection of surface contacts in confined waters and rainy weather.  The improved antenna design gives better range and target resolution."

			required = { 6922 6950 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = surface_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = night_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 5 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced ASDIC/Sonar
			id = 6952
			name = "Advanced ASDIC/Sonar"
			desc = "Improvements in the transducers used to create the ASDIC/sonar signal allow the use of lower frequency sound waves.  This allows for long range detection in deep water.  The lower frequency signal penetrates the temperature layer that exist in deep water.  Computers allow filtering of the signal to remove false targets."
			
			required = { 6923 6949 3905 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 2% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Marine Jammer
			id = 6953
			name = "Basic Marine Jammer"
			desc = "Denying the enemy the use of electronics and radars is an important part of combat operations.  These jammers jam a wide range of radar and control signals by sending out 'white noise' on radio frequencies.  The 'white noise' creates lines and fuzz on enemy radar screens.  It also disrupts control signals for guided weapons."
			
			required = { 6951 3905 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Semi-Modern Fire Control
			id = 6954
			name = "Semi-Modern Fire Control"
			desc = "The combination of small computers with advanced optics allows accurate control of weapons.  Guidance systems for missiles and smaller directors for guns are a result in the improved technology."
			
			required = { 6914 3943 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Secondary Battery Directors
			id = 6955
			name = "Advanced Secondary Battery Directors"
			desc = "These small, lightly armored directors are more effective than their predecessors because of their use of basic computers to provide tracking of targets.  These directors also are powerful enough to serve as the main battery directors for cruisers and other similarly sized warships."
			
			required = { 6917 6954 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = build_cost which = cruiser value = -5 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved AA Battery Directors
			id = 6956
			name = "Improved AA Battery Directors"
			desc = "Improvements is director technology allows small directors to be built.  These directors are used for controlling light anti-aircraft guns.  The use of a more advanced mechanical computer allows the fire control solution to be made more accurate."

			required = { 6918 6954 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Fire Control Computer
			id = 6957
			name = "Improved Fire Control Computer"
			desc = "The first fire control computers were simple mechanical computers.  The design limitations of the mechanical computer mean that a limited number of variables can be taken into account while making the calculation.  With the development of an electronic computer, more variables can be incorperated in to the fire control solution.  Electronic fire control computers take into account variables like barrel wear, barrel droop, sea state, target relative motion and variable shell weights.  This makes the fire control solution more accurate."

			required = { 6919 6954 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Anti-Ship Guided Missile Illuminator
			id = 6958
			name = "Anti-Ship Guided Missile Illuminator"
			desc = "The illuminator is the guidance system for anti-ship guided missiles.  The illuminator consists of a control station and a radar.  The radar antenna sends out a focused signal which the missile home in on.  The control station controls the launcher and aiming of the missile."

			required = { 6951 6954 3972 7201 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Surface-to-air Guided Missile Illuminator
			id = 6959
			name = "Surface-to-air Guided Missile Illuminator"
			desc = "The illuminator is the control system for anti-aircraft guided missiles.  The illuminator consists of the control station and the guidance radar.  The control station controls the launcher and aiming of the guidance radar.  The radar sends out a focused signal that the missile uses to home on the tartget."

			required = { 6958 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30

			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Anti-Ship Missile
			id = 6960
			name = "Naval Anti-Ship Missile"
			desc = "This a missile with a large warhead designed to attack other vessels out to the horizon.  The missile is limited in range to the horizon due to the requirement that it homes on a reflected radar signal from the firing vessel."
			
			required = { 7704 6958 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30

			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 0.5 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 0.5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Long Range Surface-to-air Missile
			id = 6961
			name = "Naval Long Range Surface-to-air Missile"
			desc = "This long range missile system allows incoming aircraft to be destroyed before they can attack.  The long range properties of the missile allow a single vessel to provide anti-aircraft coverage for the entire fleet.  A rocket motor boosts the missile away from the vessel and accelerates it to a speed where the ramjet engine will operate.  The mount is fed from a below deck magazine automatically when the mount is empty.  Historically, this was the US Talos system or Soviet SA-N-1 Goa surface-to air missile system.  This missile system is too large to be mounted onboard a vessel as a retrofit, a specially designed vessel is required."
			
			required = { 7704 6959 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Short Range Surface-to-air Missile
			id = 6962
			name = "Naval Short Range Surface-to-air Missile"
			desc = "This is a short range missile system designed for the defense of a single vessel.  This system is made up of a launcher and illuminator that can be mounted on a small warship.  The mount carries a limited number of missiles which have to be reloaded from a seperate magazine when the mount is empty.  These missiles are powered by a small, solid rocket motor.  Historically this was the US Terrier and UK Tigercat missile systems."
			
			required = { 6961 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 0.3 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 0.3 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 0.3 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 0.3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Surface Torpedo Homing System
			id = 6963
			name = "Surface Torpedo Homing System"
			desc = "This system allows torpedoes to use sonar signals to home in on a target.  The homing is controlled by an operator on the firing vessel through a small wire which is trailed behind the torpedo."
			
			required = { 6952 5713 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			

			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Shaped Torpedo Warhead
			id = 6964
			name = "Shaped Torpedo Warhead"
			desc = "A shaped warhead sends a superheated jet of plasma burning into the target vessel.  This allows the warhead to create holes in layered defense systems consisting of layers of tanks."
			
			required = { 2885 6528 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Semi-Modern Surface Torpedo
			id = 6965
			name = "Semi-Modern Surface Torpedo"
			desc = "This torpedo combines the surface torpedo homing system with a shaped warhead to get a powerful weapon.  This torpedo can be used against both surface targets and submarines."
			
			required = { 6527 6963 6964 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 0.2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Anti-Submarine Rocket Launch Torpedo
			id = 6966
			name = "Anti-Submarine Rocket Launched Torpedo"
			desc = "A torpedo is boosted out towards a distant target by a rocket motor.  When the rocket reaches the proper range a self-homing torpedo is dropped into the water where it can attack the enemy submarine.  This allows attacks on submarines before they can close with the convoy or fleet.  Historically, this was the US ASROC system."
			
			required = { 6960 6965 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Marine Engineering
			id = 6967
			name = "Advanced Marine Engineering"
			desc = "Advances in technology have enabled advances in the field of marine engineering.  Steam has been the standard for most propulsion systems since it replaced sails.  The development of the jet engine has created a new alternative power source."

			required = { 6722 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Automated Steam Plant
			id = 6968
			name = "Automated Steam Plant"
			desc = "The automation of the steam plant allows the engineering crew to be reduced.  Sensors within the boiler regulate the flow of fuel and air into the boiler.  Improvements in design of the burners within the boiler mean that they have to pulled out and changed less often."

			required = { 6725 6967 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
				
			}
		}
		application = { # Gas Turbine Engines
			id = 6969
			name = "Gas Turbine Engines"
			desc = "The gas turbine is a turbojet engine modified to for use in a naval vessel.  The engine is made much larger so that it will work on standard diesel fuel in place of highly volitile jet fuel.  The turbine draws in large quantities of air to mix with the diesel fuel.  The engine is connected to the propellor shaft through a set of gears.  This allows the engine to be run at the most efficient speed without causing cavitaton."

			required = { 6308 6967 7802 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Shipboard Nuclear Power Plant
			id = 6977
			name = "Shipboard Nuclear Power Plant"
			desc = "When the process of nuclear fission was discovered, it was realized that it would be effective for propelling submarines and ships.  A reactor has to be modified to fit within the confined space of an engine room.  The water is heated within the reactor and run through a steam generator.  This allows non-radioactive steam to be made to drive a traditional geared turbine.  The radioactive water is pumped back into the reactor as coolant to resume the steam generation cycle."

			required = { 6308 6968 8971 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 360
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced ASW Tactics
			id = 6978
			name = "Advanced ASW Tactics"
			desc = "Advances in submarine technology mean that new tactics have to be developed.  Submarines are faster and can operate for longer periods while submerged.  The submarines need to be attacked while they are away from the convoy.  This allows the convoy to use superior speed to get past submerged submarines.  The new tacics move the anti-submarine battle away from the submarine."

			required = { 6909 6952 13401 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Standoff Tactics
			id = 6979
			name = "Standoff Tactics"
			desc = "The increasing speed of submarines makes it more important to engage the submarine away from the convoy or fleet.  New weapon systems allow the anti-submarine battle to be extended out away from the convoy or fleet."

			required = { 6978 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = max_organization which = destroyer when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Surface and Aircraft Coordination
			id = 6980
			name = "Surface and Aircraft Coordination"
			desc = "Coordination between aircraft and surface ships requires extensive practice to work.  The surface ship and aircraft share sensor information.  When a submarine is detected, the shared information enables the submarine to be localized and attacked.  One aircraft can coordinate with numerous surface ships.  The aircraft will use superior speed to investigate questional targets."

			required = { 6910 6978 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # ASW Helicopters
			id = 6981
			name = "ASW Helicopters"
			desc = "The use of helicopters allows a small warship to increase the range which it can detect and attack a submarine.  The destroyer is modified with a helideck aft to operate the helicopters.  This requires the removal of the aft guns.  The helicopter carries sonobuoys and depth charges which allow it to detect and attack submarines.  Operations off a small warship requires aviation fuel and extra depth charges to be carried."
			
			required = { 6926 6980 10030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = -2 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = -1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = -1 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = destroyer when = on_upgrade = 2.0 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = carrier when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = carrier when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 5% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Naval Aviation Technology
			id = 6982
			name = "Advanced Naval Aviation Technology"
			desc = "The use of jets and heavy aircraft changes the way that aircraft are handled on aircraft carriers.  The higher speed of the jet, while valuable in the air, causes problems with recovery onboard the carrier.  New methods for recovery and deck logistics need to be developed."
			
			required = { 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Angled Flight Deck
			id = 6983
			name = "Angled Flight Deck"
			desc = "As the speed of aircraft have increased, it has become more difficult to safely recover aircraft.  The traditional way to stop an aircraft that has missed the arrestor wires is a wire barrier strung across the deck.  With the high speed of newer aircraft, the barrier is unable to prevent the plane from hitting aircraft parked on the forward deck.  By adding a sponson to the port side of the hull, the flight deck can be expanded and angled.  The angled deck allows aircraft that miss the arrestor wires to circle around and attempt another landing."

			required = { 6982 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = max_organization which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 15 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Aircraft Handling Systems
			id = 6984
			name = "Advanced Aircraft Handling Systems"
			desc = "The development of the angled flight deck means that simulataneous operations are possible.  This means that aircraft have to be moved around the deck more often.  Aircraft moving tractors with larger engines to move larger aircraft around the deck.  Speciallized rearming vehicles load the new generation of guided munitions onto the aircraft."

			required = { 6731 6983 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Steam Catapult
			id = 6985
			name = "Steam Catapult"
			desc = "The hydraulic catapult used on carriers is limited in the size of aircraft that can be launched.  This is a function of the size of the hydraulic system.  A steam catapult uses high pressure steam diverted from the ship's boilers to launch the aircraft.  The steam pressure is used to propel a shuttle down the track.  The aircraft, attached to the shuttle, is accelerated to flight speed.  The steam catapult is readily increasable to launch heavier aircraft."

			required = { 6968 6982 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Arrestor Wires
			id = 6986
			name = "Advanced Arrestor Wires"
			desc = "The development of the angled flight deck means that aircraft are gunning their engines as they cross the deck in case of a missed pass.  This means that the arrestor wires need to be able to withstand the additional force.  The arrestor wires and hydraulics below deck need to be able to bring the aircraft to a stop and hold it in place until the engines are throttled down."

			required = { 6732 6983 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Landing Signaling Device
			id = 6987
			name = "Landing Signaling Device"
			desc = "As aircraft landing speeds increase, the ability of a landing signaling officer standing on the stern of the carrier to judge the approach and signal corrections to the pilot decreased.  The solution is to set up a device that automatically signals the corrections to the pilot.  The device is made up of lenses and mirrors which project a 'ball' which lets the pilot know if he is above or below the proper landing angle."
			
			required = { 6983 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
	} # Level 11
	
	level = { # Semi-Modern Warship Design
		id = 6988
		name = "Semi-Modern Warship Design"
		desc = "These are the warship designs that are going to serve in the post-war navies.  Guided missiles and nuclear propullsion increase the capability of the new warships.  These new designs incorperate the latest in electronics for detection and attack of enemy ships and submarines."
	
		cost = 8
		time = 360
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Nuclear Powered Merchant Vessel
			id = 6989
			name = "Nuclear Powered Merchant Vessel"
			desc = "This design was once thought to be the ultimate in merchant vessels.  Owners wouldn't have to purchase fuel, the primary cost while running a merchant vessel.  The cost of the specialized engineering crew necessary to run the nuclear reactor increase the crewing costs.  This limits the usefulness of the nuclear merchant vessel in commercial service.  These ships are still useful if ultra-long range is required.  Historically, this was the N/V Savannah."

			required = { 6930 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 360
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Frigate
			id = 6990
			name = "Frigate"
			desc = "The high speed of new submarines require a vessel that can accelerate and stop quickly.  The new frigate is a single screw design with a gas turbine.  These ships have extensive anti-submarine sensors and weapons.  They only carry limited weapons for anti-surface or anti-aircraft warfare.  Historically, this was the US Claude Jones-class and Soviet Riga-class frigates."
			
			required = { 6933 6969 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 4 }
			}
		}
		application = { # 3000 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6992
			name = "3000 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "As the war progresses, more equipment is added to existing destroyers.  The increased weight is causing stability problems for older destroyers.  A new destroyer design is needed with the size to provide space for new systems.  These destroyers carry five or six 127mm (5 inch) guns and torpedoes.  They are equipped with extensive anti-submarine weapons and sensors.  Historically, this was the US Forrest Sherman-class destroyers."

			required = { 6991 6991 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Guided Missile Destroyer
			id = 6993
			name = "Guided Missile Destroyer"
			desc = "This a destroyer designed to screen task forces and convoys from air attacks.  The primary weapon is a long range surface-to-air missile system mounted on the stern.  Gas turbine engines give these destroyers high speed.  A 127mm (5 inch) gun provides anti-surface firepower and provides a short range back-up for the missile system.  Historically, this was the Soviet Kotlin-class and US Charles F. Adams-class guided missile destroyers."

			required = { 6961 6969 6992 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Light Cruiser
			id = 6994
			name = "Nuclear Light Cruiser"
			desc = "The development of the shipboard nuclear power plant allows new designs to be created.  These are post-treaty light cruisers fitted with nuclear reactors in place of boilers.  Internal changes have to be made to make room for the reactors.  This requires the shifting of magazines and other internal spaces within the design."

			required = { 6935 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 14 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large AA Light Cruiser
			id = 6736
			name = "Large AA Light Cruiser"
			desc = "The dual purpose 152mm (6 inch) gun has been on the drawing boards since before the war.  The priority of other projects delayed the development.  With the completion of the gun design, new anti-aircraft cruisers can be developed.  The twin turrets are larger than the twin 127mm (5 inch) mounts they replace.  This requires the hull to be lengthened to accomodate the new turrets.  Historically, this was the US Worcester-class and British Tiger-class light cruisers."

			required = { 6936 6968 14260 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6995
			name = "Nuclear Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "The development of a nuclear power plant for naval vessel allows new long range designs to be developed.  These are redesigned post-treaty heavy cruisers.  The boilers are replaced with nuclear reactors.  To accomodate the reactors, internal changes need to be made.  The nuclear power plant allows these ships to be underway without refueling practically indefinitly."

			required = { 6937 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 15 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Rapid Fire Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6737
			name = "Semi-Modern Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "The development of the automatic 203mm (8 inch) gun helps keep the heavy cruiser as a viable design.  The problem with other heavy cruiser designs is the slowness of the main battery fire.  The slowness of fire makes it difficult to engage targets that are maneuvering or at close range.  The new 203mm gun is combined with a larger hull and better protection in an entirely new design.  Historically, this was the US Oregon City-class heavy cruisers."

			required = { 6937 6968 14261 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 12 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Super Cruiser
			id = 6996
			name = "Nuclear Super Cruiser"
			desc = "The development of the shipboard nuclear power plant allows new long range designs to be developed.  These ships are redesigned super cruisers.  The main change is the replacement of the boilers with nuclear reactors.  The lightweight 305mm (12 inch) guns are the primary feature of this design.  Although these ships look like battleships externally, their single rudder and aircraft facilities show their cruiser ancestry."

			required = { 6938 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 13 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Guided Missile Cruiser
			id = 6997
			name = "Guided Missile Cruiser"
			desc = "This cruiser is designed primarily for the anti-aircraft protection of task forces.  The main weapons are two long range surface-to-air missile systems.  These missile systems are fed from magazines within the hull.  a few 127mm (5 inch) guns provide limited anti-surface ability and provide a short range back-up for the missile system.  Gas turbines give the new design high speed and the ability to rapidly accelerate and decelerate.  Historically, this was the US Albany-class and French Colbert-class guided missile cruisers."

			required = { 6936 6961 6969 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 16 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Guided Missile Cruiser
			id = 6998
			name = "Nuclear Guided Missile Cruiser"
			desc = "The development of the naval nuclear power plant enables long range designs to be developed.  The primary weapon of these cruisers is their long range surface-to-air missile system.  The nuclear power plant replaces the gas turbines in conventionally powered guided missile cruisers.  This requires the hull to be lengthed to provide the additional space.  Historically, this was the US Long Beach-class and US Bainbridge-class nuclear powered guided missile cruisers."

			required = { 6997 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 17 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Battleship
			id = 6624
			name = "Nuclear Super Battleship"
			desc = "The development of a nuclear power plant for naval vessels allows a new generation of long range designs to be developed.  These ships are redesigned super battleships with nuclear reactors replacing the boilers.  The internal arrangement has to be altered to create room for the reactors.  The secondary battery magazines are shifted toward the ends of the ship.  The removal of the stacks allows anti-aircraft batteries to have improved fields of fire."

			required = { 6945 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 13 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Guided Missile Battleship
			id = 6619
			name = "Guided Missile Battleship"
			desc = "This is a battleship optimized for anti-aircraft protection of task forces.  A pair of long range surface-to-air missile launchers are mounted aft in place of the aft turrets.  The 406mm (16 inch) guns are retained forward to provide shore bombardment and anti-surface weapons.  These ships are based on the post-treaty battleship design.  The reduction in fire control equipment for the main battery guns allows the superstructure to be consolidated.  This gives anti-aircraft guns and missiles improved fields of fire."

			required = { 6939 6961 6968 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 12 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Guided Missile Battleship
			id = 6620
			name = "Nuclear Guided Missile Battleship"
			desc = "The development of nuclear power plants for naval vessels allows the development of new long range designs.  These ships are guided missile battleships modified to replace the boilers with nuclear reactors.  There are two long range surface-to-air missile launchers in place of the aft turrets.  The forward 406mm (16 inch) turrets are retained as anti-surface weapons and for use during shore bombardment."

			required = { 6619 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 270
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 14 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Helicopter Carrier
			id = 6621
			name = "Helicopter Carrier"
			desc = "This is a small aircraft carrier designed to operate helicopters in support of task forces and amphibious operations.  These carriers only carry helicopters so equipment like arrestor wires and catapults can be eliminated.  Berthing facilities for troops is included to provide the ability for 'hit and run' commando raids by troops carried in helicopters.  In a task force support role, these ships carry anti-submarine helicopters.  Historically, this was the British Bulwark-class helicopter carriers."

			required = { 6041 6743 6968 6981 10976 10030 3944 11403 13411 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 3
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super Carrier
			id = 6622
			name = "Super Carrier"
			desc = "These are large, multirole carriers.  They are designed to operate jet fighters, heavy strike aircraft, and anti-submarine aircraft.  The increased size of these ships allows large air groups to be effectively used.  An armored flight deck gives these carriers the ability to survive bomb and missile hits.  Historically, this was the US Forrestal-class and French Foch-class carriers."

			required = { 6948 6968 6983 6984 6985 6986 6987 13507 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 180
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 12 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Super Carrier
			id = 6623
			name = "Nuclear Super Carrier"
			desc = "The development of the nuclear power plant allows new long range designs.  These are modified super carriers which replace the boilers with nuclear reactors.  These ships are considered to be the ultimate in naval power.  Over 300m (1000 ft) in length and having the ability to steam non-stop around the world makes these carriers the focal point of carrier task forces.  Historically, this was the US Enterprise-class and Nimitz-class nuclear powered carriers."

			required = { 6622 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 2
			time = 360
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60

			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 13 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 12
}
